参考文献

[1]   “A New Hegemon: The Chinese Century is Well under Way,” The Economist, October 27, 2018.

[2]   全球经济重心的位置估算，是根据当时各经济体的地理版图与经济总量的加权，来计算全球经济地理的三维空间均衡点所在。估算方法的详细说明请参考：Danny Quah, “The Global Economy’s Shifting Centre of Gravity,” Global Policy, first published on-line, January 5, 2011, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2010.00066.x。

[3]   Douglas C. North and Robert Paul Thomas, The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

[4]   Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson, “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation,” American Economic Review, Vol. 91, No. 5, 2001, pp.

1369-1401.

[5]   关于新古典经济学家刻意掩盖西方国家发展过程的国家干预角色，可参见 Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective , London: Anthem Press, 2002.

[6]   Alexander Koch, Chris Brierley, Mark M. Maslin and Simon L. Lewis, “Earth System Impacts of the European Arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492,” Quaternary Science

Reviews, Vol. 207, March 2019, pp. 13-36.

[7]   参见 Gideon Polya, “Legacy of Colonialism: Britain Robbed India of $45 Trillion and Thence 1.8 Billion Indians Died from Deprivation,” Global Research, December 19, 2018. 并参见两位印度学者完整的历史分析Utsa Patnaik and Prabhat Patnaik, A Theory of Imperialism, New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.

[8]   https://www.visualcapitalist.com/chart-end-world-poverty-sight

[9]   Barbara Finamore, Will China Save the Planet? Polity, 2018.

[10]  Jeff Desjardins, “Four Maps Showing China’s Rising Dominance in Trade,” Visual Capitalist, first published on April 27, 2016. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/four-maps-showing-chinas-rising-dominance-trade.

[11]  “China’s Global Development Footprint: The Clearest Look yet at Chinese Official Finance Worldwide,” AidData: A Research Lab at Williams and Mary, https://www.aiddata.org/china-official-finance.

[12]  可参考麦肯锡顾问公司对于中国在非洲投资的一千家企业进行的调研报告《狮龙共舞》。根据这份报告，在非洲的中国企业雇用当地雇员的比例达到89%，而且对64% 的员工进行培训，参见：Dance of the Lions and Dragons: How are Africa and China Engaging, and How Will the Partnership Evolve? Mckinsey & Company, June 2017 .

[13]  https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/economy/the-world-in-2050.html

[14]  Joseph Nye, “The Kindleberger Trap,” Project Syndicate, January 9, 2017, https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/kindleberger-trap.

[15]   “Hangzhou Communiqué: G20 Summit Concludes with Historic Consensus on World Growth,” TRALAC, September 6, 2016, https://www.tralac.org/news/article/10415-g20-summit-concludes-with-historic-consensus-on-world-growth.html.

[16]  World Bank, Belt and Road Economics: Opportunities and Risks of the Transport Corridors, 2019, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31878/9781464813924.pdf

[17]  https://think.ing.com/uploads/reports/Tradebelt_final2.pdf

[18]  Joseph Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Divided Society Endangers Our Future, New York: W. W. Norton & Company,2012.